Quotes from Anne Applebaum

El autoritarismo es algo que atrae simplemente a las personas que no toleran la complejidad: no hay nada intrínseco «de izquierdas» o «de derechas» en ese instinto.

Los autoritarios necesitan a gente que promueva los disturbios o desencadene el golpe de Estado. Pero también necesitan a personas que sepan utilizar un sofisticado lenguaje jurídico, que sepan argumentar que violar la Constitución o distorsionar la ley es lo correcto.

EU or NATO find it extremely hard to make fast decisions or big changes. Unsurprisingly, people are afraid of the changes technology will bring, and also afraid—with good reason—that their political leaders won't be able to cope with them.

The jangling, dissonant sound of modern politics; the anger on cable television and the evening news; the fast pace of social media; the headlines that clash with one another when we scroll through them; the dullness, by contrast, of the bureaucracy and the courts; all of this

has unnerved that part of the population that prefers unity and homogeneity. Democracy itself has always been loud and raucous, but when its rules are followed, it eventually creates consensus. The modern debate does not. Instead, it inspires in some people the desire to forcibly silence the rest.

Chapter 10 ECONOMICS The new socialist human being should think like Lenin, act like Stalin, and work like Stakhanov. —Walter Ulbricht The definition of socialism: an incessant struggle against difficulties that would not exist in any other system. —Hungarian joke of the 1950s

El atractivo emocional de una teoría conspiranoica reside en su simplicidad. Explica fenómenos complejos, da razón del azar y los accidentes, ofrece al creyente la satisfactoria sensación de tener un acceso especial y privilegiado a la verdad. Para quienes se convierten en guardianes del Estado unipartidista, la repetición de esas teorías conspiranoicas también trae otra recompensa: el poder.

autoritarismo es algo que atrae simplemente a las personas que no toleran la complejidad: no hay nada intrínseco «de izquierdas» o «de derechas» en ese instinto. Es meramente antipluralista; recela de las personas con ideas distintas, y es alérgico a los debates acalorados. Resulta irrelevante que quienes lo tienen deriven en última instancia su postura política del marxismo o del nacionalismo. Es una actitud mental, no un conjunto de ideas.

religious tolerance, independent judiciaries, free press and speech, economic integration, international institutions, the transatlantic alliance, and a political idea of "the West.

Olga Tokarczuk, 2019: We horen niet langer de harmonie van de wereld, maar de kakofonie van geluiden, een ondraaglijke ruis waarin we wanhoping een een rustiger melodie proberen te ontdekken, al is het maar de zwakste maatslag.

The speed with which this transformation took place was, in retrospect, nothing short of astonishing. In the Soviet Union itself, the evolution of a totalitarian state had taken two decades, and it had proceeded in fits and starts. The Bolsheviks did not begin with a blueprint.

Because they have been designed to keep you online, the algorithms also favor emotions, especially anger and fear. And because the sites are addictive, they affect people in ways they don't expect. Anger becomes a habit. Divisiveness becomes normal.

Certain patterns were followed almost everywhere: first the elimination of "right-wing" or anticommunist parties, then the destruction of the noncommunist left, then the elimination of opposition within the communist party itself.

From far away you could see the light ahead, a gleam that kept growing, and its brilliance seemed ever more dazzling to you huddled there in the dark the longer it took to reach it. But when at last the train burst out in the glorious sunshine, all you saw was a wasteland full of weeds and stones, and a heap of garbage.

The scorn the Nazis held for all Eastern Europeans was closely related to their decision to take the Jews from all over Europe to the East for execution. There, in a land of subhumans, it was possible to do inhuman things.

Think about how record companies put together new pop bands: they do market research, they pick the kinds of faces that match, and then they market the band by advertising it to the most favorable demographic. New political parties now operate like that: you can bundle together issues, repackage them, and then market them, using exactly the same kind of targeted messaging—based on exactly the same kind of market research—that you know has worked in other places.

Though the looting fever eventually subsided in Poland and elsewhere, it may well have helped build tolerance for the corruption and theft of public property that were so common later on.

there is a theme: Given the right conditions, any society can turn against democracy. Indeed, if history is anything to go by, all of our societies eventually will.

There is no single explanation, and I will not offer either a grand theory or a universal solution. But there is a theme: Given the right conditions, any society can turn against democracy. Indeed, if history is anything to go by, all of our societies eventually will.

Anything can be unlearned — even in the most settled civilizations.

Lageris buvo sunkiausias m?s? moralin?s stipryb?s,m?s? kasdien?s moral?s egzaminas ir 99 proc. jo neišlaik?,-raš? Šalamovas.

single explanation, and I will not offer either a grand theory or a universal solution. But there is a theme: Given the right conditions, any society can turn against democracy. Indeed, if history is anything to go by, all of our societies eventually will.

El capitalismo y la democracia liberal habían fracasado estrepitosamente a lo largo de la década de 1930. Muchos creyeron que había llegado el momento de probar algo distinto.

the German sociologist Wolfgang Sofsky wrote that "absolute power is a structure, not a possession.