Quotes from Gita Gopinath

Emerging market and developing economies have benefited from monetary easing in major economies but have also faced volatile risk sentiment tied to trade tensions.

Portfolio investment, often called 'hot money' because of its volatile nature, can increase the economy's vulnerability to the vagaries of international finance. Foreign direct investment, on the other hand, is far more stable and driven by domestic fundamentals.

Fiscal policy should balance growth, equity, and sustainability concerns, including protecting society's most vulnerable.

By promising to intervene in vulnerable markets in the event of excessive financial volatility, the IMF, as the largest player, would reduce coordination problems among investors.

Where fiscal space is low, fiscal policy needs to adjust in a growth-friendly manner to ensure public debt is on a sustainable path, while protecting the most vulnerable.

If people expect high inflation and raise wages to reflect the high inflation, then it becomes self-fulfilling.

The advantages of globalization are actually much like the advantages of technological improvement. They have very similar effects: they raise output in countries, raise productivity, create more jobs, raise wages, and lower prices of products in the world economy.

Rather than waiting for a crisis to erupt before intervening, the IMF should provide 'forward guidance' on how it will tackle potential disruptions in international financial markets.

Fiscal policy will need to manage trade-offs between supporting demand, protecting social spending, and ensuring that public debt remains on a sustainable path, with the optimal mix depending on country-specific circumstances.

I guess I am politically very naive.

Business cycles in emerging markets behave differently from developed markets.

There is a need for greater multilateral cooperation to resolve trade conflicts, to address climate change and risks from cybersecurity, and to improve the effectiveness of international taxation.

Opponents of central-bank intervention are right about one thing: monetary financing carries serious risks. In order to ensure that it is as safe and effective as possible, it must be used primarily in the event of self-fulfilling debt crises.

The term neo-liberal does not have a good definition. It's mostly used when you are angry with somebody or dislike someone, you call them a neo-liberal. Because otherwise, there is no concrete definition to the term.

It is important for India to stay the course on fiscal consolidation.

The biggest losers from international trade are always those whose skills have a cheaper competitor in a different market.

Harvard is famous for being an 'absorbing state' for faculty with almost no one leaving it for another institution, which is why the decision of granting tenure is a life long commitment.

When I was doing my bachelors from Delhi University, India experienced its first major external financing and currency crisis in 1990-91. This inspired me to pursue graduate work in economics and was the foundation for my interest in international finance.

Being born into a Malayali family that followed a matriarchal system, I always felt loved and had a high sense of self-worth.

With all the globalisation that has taken place, countries are a lot more interdependent and therefore 'coupled.'

We need to realise that entrepreneurship is not necessarily increasing employment.

The awareness has increased about the need to increase womenwomen participation in the workplace, but there are no amenities to assure that.

I am purely a technocrat and I reject all ideological labels.

There was never a perception that I was second-class relative to boys. That gave me confidence.