Quotes from Daniel Yergin

the data from Denmark, the Netherlands, and Hong Kong—and in 2019 from China—indicate that when subsidies are removed, EV sales abruptly go down.

The overall objective—net zero carbon by 2050—is a daunting ambition. How daunting is underscored by the estimate that, for Europe to achieve its target, per capita emissions will have to decline to the level of India, where the per capita income is about $2,000 a year, compared to Europe's $38,000.

Qutb argued that the modern world had fallen back into the period of pre-Islamic ignorance and barbarism that had existed prior to the Prophet. Secular Muslims, or even Muslims who did not abide by strict sanctions, were subject to takfir, excommunication, and thus were fair game to be killed.

Iranian oil minister Bijan Zanganeh demanded that the other Gulf countries cut back while Iran regained, as he put it, "our lost share of the market." The Arab Gulf countries were adamant that they would not cut back to make room for additional Iranian oil. "We will provide oil to whoever asks for it," said Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, Saudi deputy oil minister at the time.

The price collapse was slowing the development of new supplies. Low prices were also stimulating demand. In 2015, the growth in world oil consumption was more than twice what it had been in 2014. With cheaper gasoline, the share of SUVs and light trucks sold in the United States rose from under the 50 percent it had been in 2012 to 60 percent in 2015.

In houses and in villages throughout the country, the smoke from indoor cooking contains carbon monoxide, black carbon, and other pollutants, creating pervasive and severe health problems. In response, the government launched a "blue flame revolution" to deliver cylinders of propane—derived from oil or natural gas—to eighty million rural households for cooking.

Never give orders—give instructions. … Make a game out of your work. … The greatest dividend in human life is happiness.

OPEC-Plus had also helped generate a geopolitical reordering—the new relationship between Moscow and Riyadh. Once, in the early 1990s, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Naimi was asked what he thought of Russia. "I think of it as a competitor," he said. But now oil, which had been a source of rivalry, had brought them together.

India has struggled with the inadequacy of modern energy for a long time. Noncommercial energy commonly known as "biomass"—wood and agricultural and animal waste—has been the fuel for more than half of India's population. In terms of commercial energy, India depends on coal for over half of its total energy, and almost 75 percent of electricity.

in a country in which almost three hundred million people live on the equivalent of $1.25 a day, poverty and economic growth cannot be separated from energy. The energy issues India faces reflect, in a giant-sized way, those of many developing countries.

Advanced manufacturing, including 3D printing, could have a major impact on energy use by reducing transportation costs. New technologies for buildings could make them much more energy efficient.

Hydrogen could end up a 10 percent or more player in the energy mix in the future. Indeed, some see hydrogen today as where renewables were two or three decades ago in terms of development. It is striking, too, that hydrogen does not seem to involve geopolitical issues. It is either a tool for countries to meet ambitious decarbonization goals or an opportunity for export, becoming a globally-traded commodity.

While it is the most common element, hydrogen does not naturally exist by itself, except in rare instances. It is derived by breaking up molecules. Today most hydrogen is produced from natural gas and coal.

China. It happens to be the country that, by itself, consumes a quarter of all the electricity generated in the world. And its growing economy needs more electric generation capacity. Even as China continues to build out wind and solar at a rapid rate, it is also adding three new highly-efficient coal-fired plants a month.

And aspirations will come up against an ineluctable reality—today's energy system, which is more than 80 percent based on oil, natural gas, and coal, with a huge embedded investment in infrastructure and supply chains—all of which will be required to meet the energy needed during the recovery period and get back on the economic growth track (see Figure 3).

In 2018, there were 867 cars for every thousand people in the United States, 520 in the European Union. Compare that to the 339 in Russia, the 208 in Brazil, the 160 in China—and just 37 in India. In other words, the world's auto population will grow substantially as incomes rise and the number of people increases from today's 7.8 billion to 9.5 or 10 billion.

Canada supplied, in 2019, about 50 percent of total U.S. oil imports, a volume three times greater than all the oil the United States imported from OPEC countries

For many decades after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, the Soviet Union had been closed off, an almost forbidden place, another world. The Soviet oil industry operated largely in isolation, with little of the flow of technology and equipment that was common in the rest of the world.

It was very handy to have such a foreign scapegoat when so much was wrong at home.1

Cars and light trucks (SUVs and pickups), as pointed out earlier, constitute 35 percent of world oil demand—cars alone, about 20 percent. The rest of transportation consumption goes into heavy trucks, ships, trains, and airplanes.

The global fleet of civilian airliners, while more efficient, was expected to double by 2040. That may now be pushed out a few years by the slower growth in passenger travel. Nevertheless, demand will return; over 80 percent of the world's people have never been in an airplane.

Also targeted was shale oil and Russia's immense nonconventional resources, including the huge Bazhenov formation, under the West Siberian basin. Whatever the potential, for a long time there was no technology with which to successfully produce from that complex geology.